# Filters

Filters are `field:value` clauses inside the `q` parameter. Combine them freely with free-text terms and boolean operators - see [Query Syntax](news-blogs-forums-query-syntax) - to narrow results to exactly the sources and languages you care about.

> [!NOTE]
> Filter values are case-insensitive, and values containing spaces must be quoted. An unknown value is not rejected - it just returns 0 results. Add `warning=true` to the request to get validation warnings in the response.

## Source

| Filter | Example | Meaning |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `site:` | `site:cnn.com` | Posts from a domain |
| `site_full:` | `site_full:forums.example.com` | Exact subdomain |
| `site_suffix:` | `site_suffix:co.uk` | Domain suffix |
| `site_section:` | `site_section:business` | Section of the site |
| `site_title:` | `site_title:"morning post"` | Name of the site |
| `section_title:` | `section_title:sports` | Title of the site section |
| `country:` | `country:US` | Source country - ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code; use `GB` for the United Kingdom (not `UK`) |
| `domain_rank:` | `domain_rank:<1000` | Domain rank - integer 1-1,000,000 (Tranco top sites; lower = more popular) |
| `site_category:` | `site_category:tech` | Category of the site - curated snake_case taxonomy (see below) |

`site_category:` values come from a large curated taxonomy of snake_case names - for example `tech`, `financial_news`, `world_soccer`, `travel`, `politics`, `health`, `music`, `real_estate`.

## Content

| Filter | Example | Meaning |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `title:` | `title:bitcoin` | Term in the post title |
| `text:` | `text:"supply chain"` | Term in the post body |
| `language:` | `language:english` | Post language - lowercase full English name (see list below) |
| `author:` | `author:"jane doe"` | Post author |
| `crawled:` | `crawled:>1751713632000` | Crawl time (Unix milliseconds) |
| `published:` | `published:>1751713632000` | Publish time (Unix milliseconds) |
| `external_links:` | `external_links:github.com` | Posts linking to a URL or domain |
| `rating:` | `rating:>4` | Post rating - decimal `0`-`5`; present on review-style posts |

`language:` accepts 76 values - lowercase full English names: afrikaans, albanian, amharic, arabic, armenian, azerbaijani, basque, belarusian, bengali, bulgarian, burmese, catalan, cherokee, chinese, chineset, croatian, czech, danish, dhivehi, dutch, english, estonian, finnish, french, galician, georgian, german, greek, gujarati, hebrew, hindi, hungarian, icelandic, indonesian, inuktitut, irish, italian, japanese, kannada, khmer, korean, kurdish, laothian, latvian, lithuanian, macedonian, malay, malayalam, maltese, norwegian, oriya, persian, polish, portuguese, punjabi, romanian, russian, serbian, sinhalese, slovak, slovenian, spanish, swahili, swedish, syriac, tagalog, tamil, telugu, thai, tibetan, turkish, ukrainian, urdu, vietnamese, welsh, yiddish.

## Threads & engagement

| Filter | Example | Meaning |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `is_first:` | `is_first:true` | Only original posts (`true`) or only replies (`false`) |
| `replies_count:` | `replies_count:>10` | Replies in the thread |
| `participants_count:` | `participants_count:>5` | Distinct participants |

> [!TIP]
> When your query contains a single `language:` filter, text matching automatically uses a language-appropriate analyzer for better results in Arabic, Russian, Spanish, and French.